Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a fertility treatment that bypasses the cervical area and places sperm directly into the uterus, increasing the chances of fertilization. It is a relatively simple and inexpensive procedure that can be helpful for couples who are struggling to conceive due to a variety of factors, including: Male factor infertility, that includes a low number of sperm and poor sperm motility, effects up to 50% of couples.